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NVIDIA NVENC is a dedicated hardware encoder built into NVIDIA GPUs that enables high-performance video encoding without using CUDA cores or CPU resources. It is designed to handle real-time encoding for live streaming, batch compression, or low-latency video delivery. Prerequisites NVIDIA GPU with NVENC support NVIDIA proprietary drivers installed ffmpeg compiled with --enable-nvenc and linked with the NVIDIA Video Codec SDK To verify NVENC support in FFmpeg, run: ffmpeg -encoders | grep nvenc This should list available NVENC encoders like h264_nvenc , hevc_nvenc . Basic NVENC Commands Once FFmpeg is configured with NVENC support, you can use NVENC for hardware-accelerated video encoding. Encoding Video to H.264 (AVC) with NVENC: Video is encoded to H.264 using NVIDIA’s hardware encoder and software AAC audio encoding. ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -c:a aac output.mp4 Explanation : -c:v h264_nvenc: Tells FFmpeg to use NVENC to encode the video stream in H.264 format. -c:a aac: Uses the AAC codec for audio encoding. Encoding Video to H.265 (HEVC) with NVENC: Encode video to the more efficient HEVC format using NVENC support on Maxwell GPUs and newer. ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v hevc_nvenc -c:a aac output.mp4 Explanation : -c:v hevc_nvenc: Uses NVENC to encode the video stream in H.265 (HEVC) format. Controlling Video Bitrate: Shows how to set a fixed target bitrate using -b:v, which determines file size and compression level. ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -b:v 2M -c:a aac output.mp4 Explanation : -b:v 2M: Sets the video bitrate to 2 Mbps. Optimizing Encoding Speed and Quality NVENC offers several options to balance encoding speed and video quality. These options are controlled through FFmpeg’s -preset and -tune parameters. Encoding Speed and Quality Balance with Presets: NVENC presets in FFmpeg are labeled numerically (p1 to p7), with p1 being fastest and p7 highest quality. Example : ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -preset p7 -c:a aac output.mp4 Using Multiple GPUs with NVENC FFmpeg can use all available GPUs for parallel processing for systems with multiple NVIDIA GPUs. The -hwaccel_device N option lets you specify which GPU to use for encoding. Example of using multiple GPUs: # GPU 0 ffmpeg -hwaccel_device 0 -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc output0.mp4 # GPU 1 ffmpeg -hwaccel_device 1 -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc output1.mp4 Explanation : -hwaccel_device 0: Uses the first GPU for encoding. -hwaccel_device 1: Uses the second GPU. Advanced Features of NVENC Rate Control Modes : NVENC supports multiple rate control modes to adjust how the encoder handles bitrate. Some of the key modes are: CBR (Constant Bitrate): Maintains a constant bitrate for consistent video quality. VBR (Variable Bitrate): Allows for efficient compression by varying the bitrate depending on the video complexity. Example : # CBR (Constant Bitrate) ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -rc cbr -b:v 5M -maxrate 5M -bufsize 5M -preset p4 -c:a aac output.mp4 # VBR (Variable Bitrate) ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -rc vbr -b:v 5M -maxrate 7M -bufsize 10M -preset p4 -c:a aac output.mp4 # Constant QP ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -rc constqp -qp 23 -preset p4 -c:a aac output.mp4 Explanation : -rc: Rate control method (cbr, vbr, or constqp) -qp: Quantizer value for CONSTQP (lower = better quality) Motion Compensation and B-Frames: NVENC can use motion compensation and B-frames for better compression. You can adjust these settings using the -b_ref_mode options. Example : Setting the Number of B-frames ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -bf 4 -b_ref_mode each -c:a aac output.mp4 Explanation : -bf 4: Enables up to 4 B-frames between P/I frames. -b_ref_mode each: Allows B-frames to be used as reference frames for better efficiency. Lookahead: Lookahead enables NVENC to analyze future frames and optimize rate allocation across them. ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -rc-lookahead 32 -c:a aac output.mp4 Explanation : -rc-lookahead 32: Analyzes 32 future frames to improve compression. Higher values increase latency but improve visual consistency.
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