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FFmpeg offers a variety of encoders for video compression, each suited to different requirements such as file size, quality, and encoding speed. These encoders include popular choices like libx264 , libx265 , libvpx (VP8, VP9) , and others like mpeg4 . Each encoder has its strengths and trade-offs based on the use case, such as compatibility with devices, streaming efficiency, or output file size. libx264 – H.264 Encoder libx264 is the FFmpeg encoder for generating H.264 video. It strikes a good balance between video quality, compression efficiency, and compatibility across a wide range of devices. Key Features: Compression: Offers good compression, suitable for most consumer-grade applications. Speed: Efficient, with adjustable presets that allow users to balance speed and compression. Device Compatibility: Supported by most devices, including streaming platforms and media players. To encode a video using libx264, run: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 output.mp4 CRF-Based Encoding: libx264 uses the Constant Rate Factor (CRF) for controlling the video quality in variable bitrate (VBR) encoding. A lower CRF value (such as 18 or 19) means better quality, while a higher CRF (such as 28) reduces the file size but lowers quality. To use CRF encoding with a specific preset: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -crf 23 -preset medium output.mp4 Lower CRF values mean higher quality; presets (ultrafast, fast, slow, etc.) affect the speed vs. compression trade-off. libx265 – H.265/HEVC Encoder libx265 is used to encode H.265/HEVC (High-Efficiency Video Coding) videos. It provides superior compression efficiency compared to H.264, making it ideal for applications where reducing file size without compromising quality is important. Key Features: Compression : Up to 50% more efficient than H.264 at the same quality level, reducing storage and bandwidth requirements. Speed : Slower encoding speed compared to libx264 due to higher computational demands. Device Compatibility : Increasing support across modern devices, especially for 4K video streaming. ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx265 -crf 28 output.mp4 Use -tag:v hvc1 for better compatibility with macOS and Safari: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx265 -tag:v hvc1 output.mp4 HEVC requires more CPU but results in smaller files at equivalent quality compared to H.264. libvpx-vp9 – VP9 Encoder VP9 is an open-source codec developed by Google and used primarily in streaming services like YouTube. It provides compression similar to H.265 but without licensing costs. Key Features: Compression : High compression efficiency, similar to H.265. Speed : Encoding with VP9 is slower than H.264, but more efficient in terms of file size at the same quality. Device Compatibility : Increasingly supported on modern devices, especially for YouTube and browsers that support WebM. ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libvpx-vp9 -crf 30 -b:v 0 output.webm Setting -b:v 0 enables CRF-based encoding. VP9 encoding is slower than H.264 and H.265 but useful for YouTube/WebM delivery. libvpx – VP8 Encoder libvpx is used for encoding VP8 video, primarily for WebM containers and older web browser compatibility. Key Features: Compression : Less efficient than H.264 and H.265, offering lower compression efficiency. Speed : Faster encoding than H.265 but slower than H.264. Device Compatibility : Works well with browsers that support WebM but lacks widespread device support compared to H.264 and H.265. ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libvpx -b:v 1M -cpu-used 4 output.webm VP8 is less efficient than H.264 but still relevant for older systems or custom WebRTC applications. Other FFmpeg Encoders mpeg4 – MPEG-4 Part 2 Encoder MPEG-4 is an older video compression standard that remains in use primarily for legacy systems and media players. Key Features: Compression : Provides low compression efficiency compared to newer codecs like H.264 and H.265. Speed : Fast encoding, making it useful for low-complexity applications. Device Compatibility : Widely supported by older devices, media players, and obsolete systems ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v mpeg4 -qscale:v 2 output.avi Produces larger files and lower compression efficiency, but works with obsolete media players. Comparison Table For FFmpeg Encoders
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