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FFmpeg provides a powerful set of filters that allow users to modify video and audio streams. This article covers the basic FFmpeg filters for video manipulation: crop , scale , pad , overlay , and others. 1. Crop Filter The crop filter removes parts of the video frame based on the specified dimensions. You define the area to keep by specifying the width, height, and the position to start cropping. Command: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'crop=w:h:x:y' output.mp4 Explanation: w : Width of the output video. h : Height of the output video. x : Horizontal position from the left of the input video. y : Vertical position from the top of the input video. For example, to crop a video to a width of 640 pixels and a height of 360 pixels, starting from position (100, 50): ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'crop=640:360:100:50' output.mp4 2. Scale Filter The scale filter is used to resize the video to specific dimensions. You can either provide explicit width and height or set one dimension (width or height) and let FFmpeg calculate the other. Command: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'scale=w:h' output.mp4 Explanation: w : The new width of the video. h : The new height of the video. To scale a video to 1280x720: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'scale=1280:720' output.mp4 To maintain aspect ratio while scaling the width to 1280: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'scale=1280:-1' output.mp4 3. Pad Filter The pad filter adds padding to the video, either on all sides or selectively. This is useful when you need to match a specific aspect ratio or frame size without cropping. Command: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'pad=w:h:x:y:color' output.mp4 Explanation: w : The width of the output video (including padding). h : The height of the output video (including padding). x : The horizontal position of the input video inside the padded frame. y : The vertical position of the input video inside the padded frame. color : The color of the padding (e.g., black, white, #RRGGBB). For example, to pad a 640x360 video to 1280x720 with black padding: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'pad=1280:720:320:180:black' output.mp4 4. Overlay Filter The overlay filter allows you to overlay one video or image onto another. This is commonly used for adding logos, watermarks, or picture-in-picture effects. Command: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i overlay.png -filter_complex 'overlay=x:y' output.mp4 Explanation: x : The horizontal position of the overlay (in pixels). y : The vertical position of the overlay (in pixels). To overlay a logo at position (10, 10): ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i logo.png -filter_complex 'overlay=10:10' output.mp4 5. Rotate Filter The rotate filter allows you to rotate the video by a specified angle. Command: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'rotate=angle' output.mp4 Explanation: angle : The angle of rotation in radians. To rotate by 90 degrees, use PI/2 (π/2). For example, to rotate the video 90 degrees clockwise: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'rotate=PI/2' output.mp4 6. Fade Filter The fade filter is used to create a fade-in or fade-out effect on the video. Command (Fade In): ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'fade=t=in:st=0:d=5' output.mp4 Explanation: t=in : Fade-in effect. st=0 : Start time for the fade effect (in seconds). d=5 : Duration of the fade effect (in seconds). For example, to create a fade-in effect that starts immediately and lasts for 5 seconds: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'fade=t=in:st=0:d=5' output.mp4 Command (Fade Out): ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf 'fade=t=out:st=5:d=5' output.mp4 What’s Next? Want to take your video editing and streaming capabilities to the next level? With Cincopa , you can easily integrate FFmpeg filters into your media management workflows for seamless video manipulation, including crop, scale, pad, overlay, and more. Sign up now to explore how Cincopa’s powerful features can enhance your video content and boost your workflow efficiency!