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HDR10 and HDR10+ are two prominent high dynamic range (HDR) standards used in video content, each offering unique capabilities. While HDR10 provides static metadata, HDR10+ enhances the viewing experience with dynamic metadata to adapt scene-by-scene for optimal brightness and contrast. The challenge lies in converting live HDR10 content into the HDR10+ format to fully leverage its dynamic advantages without sacrificing quality. This process, known as dynamic metadata transcoding, plays a crucial role in improving content delivery, ensuring better visual quality across different devices and screens, and meeting the growing demand for superior streaming experiences. Required Tools for Transcoding Workflow FFmpeg : A free software for handling video encoding and processing; it reads the live HDR10 stream, applies necessary filters to analyze brightness and color, and outputs a file ready for metadata addition. HDR10+ Tools : Utilities like those from Samsung or Dolby for generating dynamic metadata; they scan video frames to create adjustments for scene changes, ensuring the metadata integrates smoothly with the transcoding process. NVIDIA GPU or Similar Hardware : A powerful graphics card to accelerate frame-by-frame analysis; it speeds up the heavy tasks in transcoding, making the workflow faster for live-to-VOD conversions. Adobe Media Encoder or HandBrake : Tools for final packaging and formatting; they help create VOD files in compatible formats like MP4 or HLS, tailored for platforms such as YouTube or Netflix, while maintaining HDR10+ compatibility. These tools work together in a straightforward chain, transforming raw HDR10 video into enhanced HDR10+ VOD content efficiently. Step-by-Step Transcoding Workflow Transcoding dynamic metadata follows a specific process that starts with analyzing the original HDR10 stream. Here's how it works, step by step: Capture the HDR10 Video Step 1 : Set up your recording equipment by connecting a camera or device that supports HDR10 to your computer with a cable like HDMI or USB. Step 2 : Open a video capture software (such as OBS Studio), create a new scene, and add a video capture device source. Step 3 : Select the connected camera from the list of devices and adjust the settings to match the video's resolution and frame rate. Step 4 : Begin recording the live stream by clicking the record button, and let the software save the video as a file in a common format like MP4. Step 5 : Once the live stream ends or you have enough footage, stop the recording and check the saved file to ensure it plays back correctly and includes the HDR10 details. Analyze the Video Frame by Frame Step 1 : Open the captured HDR10 file in a tool (like FFmpeg) and use a command to process the video through a filter that examines each frame. Step 2 : This filter looks at things like how bright or dark each part of the image is and how colors appear. Step 3 : As it goes through the video, the tool collects data on changes from one frame to the next. For example, it notes when a bright scene shifts to a darker one. Step 4 : Store this data in a separate file (like a text document) where each line represents information from a single frame. Step 5 : This step takes time depending on the video length, but it builds a map of the video's brightness and color over time. Step 6 : Once done, review the data to ensure it covers the whole video without gaps. Apply Metadata Changes Step 1 : Take the data from the frame-by-frame analysis and use it to create new instructions for the video. Step 2 : Open a tool like the HDR10+ utilities from Samsung or Dolby and load the original HDR10 video file into the tool. Step 3 : Import the analysis data you created earlier. Then the tool will generate metadata based on that data, such as commands to adjust brightness for each scene. Step 4 : For instance, if a frame shows a bright sky, the metadata might say to lower the highlights slightly. Step 5 : Apply these changes directly to the video file, embedding them into the stream. It updates the video so that each part has its own settings for better viewing. Step 6 : Save the updated file, making sure the changes match the analysis without altering the video's basic picture. Encode the Video with HDR10+ Metadata Step 1 : Open a video encoder (like Adobe Media Encoder or HandBrake) and load the video file that now has the applied metadata changes. Step 2 : Choose the output format (such as MP4 or HLS) that works well for online sharing and set the encoding options to keep the video's quality high, like selecting the same resolution as the original. Step 3 : Make sure the encoder includes the HDR10+ metadata in the file. This means telling the software to embed the dynamic instructions you added earlier. Step 4 : Begin the encoding process, which might take a while for long videos. Once finished, save the new file. Step 5 : Test it by playing it back to confirm the metadata works, showing smooth adjustments in brightness and color during playback. Throughout the process, the core elements of the video (such as resolution and frame rate) remain unchanged. The goal is to enhance the visual quality through dynamic metadata adjustments. Potential Challenges and Practical Solutions Lack of Sufficient Data for Dynamic Metadata in Live HDR10 Video When transcoding live HDR10 video, a common issue is that the stream may not provide enough data to generate precise dynamic metadata. This can lead to inconsistencies or less accurate color grading and brightness adjustments in the final video. Solution : To overcome this challenge, it's essential to incorporate extra analysis steps early in the transcoding process. Using advanced algorithms designed to predict lighting changes and adjustments over time can help fill in the gaps. This predictive approach enhances the accuracy of dynamic metadata, ensuring that the final video retains the intended look and feel. File Size Increases Due to Dynamic Metadata Adding dynamic metadata to VOD files is a great way to enhance the viewing experience, but it often results in significantly larger file sizes. Larger files require more storage and may affect streaming performance, causing delays or buffering. Solution : The solution to this challenge lies in optimizing the encoding settings. By fine-tuning the encoding parameters, such as compressing the file more efficiently and removing unnecessary data, it's possible to reduce the file size without sacrificing video quality. This balance helps ensure that the content remains high-quality while still being manageable in terms of storage and streaming. Maintaining Quality During the Transcoding Process When converting live streams to VOD, there is always a risk of losing quality, particularly if the process isn't handled correctly. The goal is to preserve the highest possible quality, even when dealing with complex formats like HDR. Solution : Video teams typically start with high-quality captures, especially from HDR-capable cameras. By using reliable transcoding software, they ensure that the process pulls in as much detailed information as possible from the start. This ensures the quality of the video is maintained throughout the transcoding process, and that the VOD retains its original visual richness and depth. Testing the Output When testing your transcoded HDR10+ VOD file, start by playing it on an actual HDR10+-certified TV (like a Samsung model ) and watch a specific clip (such as a scene with a sunset ) to confirm the dynamic metadata adjusts colors smoothly without overexposure. Next, open the file in a free player like VLC on your computer and check the metadata details by going to the file properties; look for adjustments in brightness per frame and compare them to the original HDR10 source to catch any mismatches. Then, try streaming the file on real devices, such as a smartphone or a streaming box like Roku, and note how it performs in different settings (for example, in a brightly lit room). As a result, this helps ensure shadows in a dark indoor scene don't look washed out. Use simple tools like a colorimeter app on your phone to measure color accuracy and peak brightness levels, aiming for values close to the source video's specs. Finally, simulate real-world viewing by uploading a short test file to a platform like YouTube and watching it on various internet speeds; if playback stutters, adjust the file's bitrate based on your tests. This hands-on approach helps fix issues quickly, ensuring the VOD looks great in everyday use, just like reviewing a video edit before sharing it with others.
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